1 00:00:01,060 --> 00:00:04,000 >> Well, good afternoon or good morning I guess for us here 2 00:00:04,000 --> 00:00:07,510 in Houston and I guess for you folks up in New York. 3 00:00:07,510 --> 00:00:08,500 It's afternoon. 4 00:00:08,500 --> 00:00:10,300 Welcome to Mission Control Houston. 5 00:00:10,300 --> 00:00:10,770 You're looking 6 00:00:10,770 --> 00:00:13,650 at the International Space Station Flight Control Room, 7 00:00:13,650 --> 00:00:17,880 and we are very pleased to have with us here Jason Barbour. 8 00:00:17,880 --> 00:00:21,840 He is an aerospace engineer. 9 00:00:21,840 --> 00:00:23,890 So he's very, very smart. 10 00:00:23,890 --> 00:00:28,170 He works right in front here on one of the other consoles. 11 00:00:28,170 --> 00:00:32,590 He supports the environmental control and life support system 12 00:00:32,590 --> 00:00:35,710 on the Station, monitors all of that activity as part 13 00:00:35,710 --> 00:00:39,310 of the environmental and thermal operating system of the Station. 14 00:00:39,310 --> 00:00:41,920 So Jason's agreed to join us 15 00:00:41,920 --> 00:00:44,450 and help answer some questions for you guys. 16 00:00:44,450 --> 00:00:48,210 So we're really happy to have you guys here. 17 00:00:48,210 --> 00:00:49,580 >> Jason Barbour: Good morning. 18 00:00:49,580 --> 00:00:53,230 It's good to talk to people from my home state. 19 00:00:53,230 --> 00:00:53,650 >> Welcome. 20 00:00:53,650 --> 00:00:54,560 >> Naomi: OK, welcome. 21 00:00:54,560 --> 00:00:57,740 Welcome. We understand you're a New Yorker. 22 00:00:57,740 --> 00:01:02,950 I went to school in Binghamton on Route 81 - 23 00:01:02,950 --> 00:01:03,080 >> Jason Barbour: OK - 24 00:01:03,080 --> 00:01:03,150 >> Naomi: So [inaudible]. 25 00:01:03,150 --> 00:01:06,590 And we have a couple of students with questions. 26 00:01:06,590 --> 00:01:09,840 We learned this year, because of our work, 27 00:01:09,840 --> 00:01:14,220 that two of the family members worked with NASA. 28 00:01:14,220 --> 00:01:17,290 The things you learn when you work with new people. 29 00:01:17,290 --> 00:01:19,350 So we have, we'll have one 30 00:01:19,350 --> 00:01:21,560 of the students tell you what grandpa did, 31 00:01:21,560 --> 00:01:23,830 and we have lovely questions. 32 00:01:23,830 --> 00:01:27,180 Tell us when you'd like us to ask our questions. 33 00:01:27,180 --> 00:01:27,820 >> We're ready. 34 00:01:27,820 --> 00:01:28,540 >> Jason Barbour: Go for it. 35 00:01:28,540 --> 00:01:30,920 >> We're really happy to have you guys here. 36 00:01:30,920 --> 00:01:32,150 We're going to try. 37 00:01:32,150 --> 00:01:33,360 >> Naomi: [Inaudible] Julia. 38 00:01:33,360 --> 00:01:34,680 >> Julia: My name is Julia. 39 00:01:34,680 --> 00:01:40,010 My question is mostly about the Gemini missions 40 00:01:40,010 --> 00:01:43,830 because my grandpa [inaudible] was a real time programmer 41 00:01:43,830 --> 00:01:50,180 for IBM that reported to NASA from 1962 to 1966. 42 00:01:50,180 --> 00:01:52,640 So I was wondering what kind of information you got 43 00:01:52,640 --> 00:01:55,680 from the spacecraft's radar during the Gemini missions. 44 00:01:55,680 --> 00:02:00,720 >> Naomi: That helped you with these current missions. 45 00:02:00,720 --> 00:02:01,790 >> Jason Barbour: Right. 46 00:02:01,790 --> 00:02:03,590 I'll answer that as best I can, 47 00:02:03,590 --> 00:02:08,330 but the main thing was how the vehicle worked 48 00:02:08,330 --> 00:02:11,380 in space orbiting the planet. 49 00:02:11,380 --> 00:02:14,750 How the life support equipment was interfacing with the crew, 50 00:02:14,750 --> 00:02:20,040 and taking that and expanding it to making it moon. 51 00:02:20,040 --> 00:02:20,750 I'm sorry, yeah. 52 00:02:20,750 --> 00:02:23,910 Mars. Making it all the way to the moon and back, 53 00:02:23,910 --> 00:02:25,900 and basically making sure all 54 00:02:25,900 --> 00:02:28,710 of that hardware worked the way it was supposed 55 00:02:28,710 --> 00:02:30,750 to for long durations. 56 00:02:30,750 --> 00:02:31,910 The other thing it figured 57 00:02:31,910 --> 00:02:36,620 out was doing inner tube maneuvers while the vehicle was 58 00:02:36,620 --> 00:02:39,640 in space and being able to align the vehicle 59 00:02:39,640 --> 00:02:44,140 to leave Earth's atmosphere and go to the moon itself. 60 00:02:44,140 --> 00:02:47,380 So it was testing all of the, those capabilities. 61 00:02:47,380 --> 00:02:52,370 So that way we could land on the moon in Apollo like we did. 62 00:02:52,370 --> 00:02:55,240 >> So I guess that Julia can be a legacy 63 00:02:55,240 --> 00:02:58,170 and maybe one day work right here where grandpa did. 64 00:02:58,170 --> 00:03:00,810 That'll be pretty exciting. 65 00:03:00,810 --> 00:03:01,770 >> Jason Barbour: And that's not unheard of. 66 00:03:01,770 --> 00:03:04,040 We've actually in the flight director office, 67 00:03:04,040 --> 00:03:06,420 we've had father-son flight directors before. 68 00:03:06,420 --> 00:03:09,790 So it's not unheard of for families 69 00:03:09,790 --> 00:03:13,510 to follow each other into NASA. 70 00:03:13,510 --> 00:03:13,690 >> [Inaudible]. 71 00:03:13,690 --> 00:03:17,870 >> In fact, we encourage it. 72 00:03:17,870 --> 00:03:18,530 >> Naomi: Who's my [inaudible]? 73 00:03:18,530 --> 00:03:19,680 Ryan. 74 00:03:19,680 --> 00:03:20,120 >> Ryan: Hello. 75 00:03:20,120 --> 00:03:25,590 My name is Ryan, and my question is what do members 76 00:03:25,590 --> 00:03:28,820 of Mission Control do to [inaudible] at launch 77 00:03:28,820 --> 00:03:31,900 and the most recent one with Expedition 36. 78 00:03:31,900 --> 00:03:32,270 Thank you. 79 00:03:32,270 --> 00:03:35,170 >> You may have to repeat that. 80 00:03:35,170 --> 00:03:35,860 Can you get a - 81 00:03:35,860 --> 00:03:38,050 >> Naomi: Well, what does you do to prepare, 82 00:03:38,050 --> 00:03:42,020 what did Mission Control have to do to prepare for this launch, 83 00:03:42,020 --> 00:03:45,710 this most recent mission when it was going up? 84 00:03:45,710 --> 00:03:47,930 What was your role in it? 85 00:03:47,930 --> 00:03:51,150 >> Jason Barbour: My particular role in that. 86 00:03:51,150 --> 00:03:54,440 Well, my console's role was to basically determine 87 00:03:54,440 --> 00:03:56,300 that we had all the consumables that we needed to be able 88 00:03:56,300 --> 00:03:59,130 to support the crew while they're on orbit, 89 00:03:59,130 --> 00:04:04,700 and by that that we have plenty of water, plenty of food. 90 00:04:04,700 --> 00:04:07,450 We have the necessary equipment to be able 91 00:04:07,450 --> 00:04:11,650 to process their bathroom facilities 92 00:04:11,650 --> 00:04:15,500 into drinking water the next day and basically making sure all 93 00:04:15,500 --> 00:04:17,770 that is ready for them to get there. 94 00:04:17,770 --> 00:04:20,300 >> Patricia: Naomi, this is Patricia. 95 00:04:20,300 --> 00:04:23,440 If the students could come closer to the microphone, 96 00:04:23,440 --> 00:04:25,620 that way we could hear them better, that would be great. 97 00:04:27,490 --> 00:04:26,020 Thank you. 98 00:04:27,490 --> 00:04:29,720 Number three. 99 00:04:30,780 --> 00:04:30,290 >> Number two. 100 00:04:30,780 --> 00:04:32,660 I'm sorry. 101 00:04:32,660 --> 00:04:36,300 Come up, and number three, line up behind you. 102 00:04:36,300 --> 00:04:37,380 Go ahead. 103 00:04:37,380 --> 00:04:37,610 >> Rachel: Hi. 104 00:04:37,610 --> 00:04:38,120 I'm Rachel. 105 00:04:38,120 --> 00:04:42,150 My question is how and where are new members 106 00:04:42,150 --> 00:04:43,740 of the Mission Control taught. 107 00:04:43,740 --> 00:04:49,540 >> You may have to help us with that Naomi. 108 00:04:49,540 --> 00:04:51,420 >> Naomi: You have to, say that again. 109 00:04:51,420 --> 00:04:52,940 >> Rachel: How and where new members 110 00:04:52,940 --> 00:04:54,800 of Mission Control taught? 111 00:04:54,800 --> 00:04:56,270 >> Naomi: Where are you trained? 112 00:04:56,270 --> 00:04:59,090 Where is the best way to training in order 113 00:04:59,090 --> 00:05:02,530 to become assigned to Mission Control? 114 00:05:02,530 --> 00:05:03,300 >> Jason Barbour: Ah, OK. 115 00:05:03,300 --> 00:05:08,080 The, I'll just give a general overview of my path. 116 00:05:08,080 --> 00:05:11,350 First thing is get your four-year engineering degree, 117 00:05:11,350 --> 00:05:13,990 and that can be aerospace, mechanical, 118 00:05:13,990 --> 00:05:20,790 or any one of that type, and then you, once you get there, 119 00:05:20,790 --> 00:05:24,470 done with that, you get hired by NASA, and you'll go 120 00:05:24,470 --> 00:05:25,800 through a series of training. 121 00:05:25,800 --> 00:05:28,620 My training took me about two and a half years 122 00:05:28,620 --> 00:05:32,140 to get the current cert I had to do the, to work on life support. 123 00:05:32,140 --> 00:05:36,630 And basically NASA teaches you to become a flight controller, 124 00:05:36,630 --> 00:05:41,110 and that's through a series of simulations, book reading, 125 00:05:41,110 --> 00:05:46,710 testing to take on the job that I have, and then there's, 126 00:05:46,710 --> 00:05:51,770 after that, once I do a year or so of working console, 127 00:05:51,770 --> 00:05:55,190 that's when I get assigned to be a mission lead 128 00:05:55,190 --> 00:05:58,060 for various missions like, for me it was shuttle missions 129 00:05:58,060 --> 00:06:01,110 and incrementally it's with the crew that's on orbit now 130 00:06:01,110 --> 00:06:05,410 and various other system leads that pop 131 00:06:05,410 --> 00:06:08,870 up for different hardware [inaudible] launch. 132 00:06:10,280 --> 00:06:13,630 So that's the general path to the training. 133 00:06:13,630 --> 00:06:16,580 >> And that's essentially the path that a lot 134 00:06:16,580 --> 00:06:19,800 of the people you see in this room take. 135 00:06:19,800 --> 00:06:22,680 As Jason said, there's different engineering backgrounds, 136 00:06:22,680 --> 00:06:27,740 and depending on what position you're sitting at in this room, 137 00:06:27,740 --> 00:06:31,030 you oversee a specific area of that Space Station to make sure 138 00:06:31,030 --> 00:06:35,000 that it's safe and operating for the crew that's on board. 139 00:06:35,000 --> 00:06:36,410 >> Jason Barbour: Correct. 140 00:06:36,410 --> 00:06:37,580 >> Naomi: OK. 141 00:06:37,580 --> 00:06:37,910 >> Ally: Hi. 142 00:06:37,910 --> 00:06:43,690 My name is Ally, and my question is what have been some 143 00:06:43,690 --> 00:06:47,830 of the most important measures you normally take 144 00:06:47,830 --> 00:06:49,540 to ensure safety? 145 00:06:49,540 --> 00:06:51,030 Is there anything [inaudible] you are doing 146 00:06:51,030 --> 00:06:53,710 to improve safety awareness on the ISS? 147 00:06:53,710 --> 00:06:54,890 >> Jason Barbour: Well, three of the items 148 00:06:54,890 --> 00:07:00,150 that my console is specifically involved in is emergencies. 149 00:07:00,150 --> 00:07:02,880 So any one of those emergencies can be a rapid depress, 150 00:07:02,880 --> 00:07:05,420 a hole in the shell of the vehicle, 151 00:07:05,420 --> 00:07:08,090 a fire on board the vehicle, or some sort 152 00:07:08,090 --> 00:07:10,730 of toxic fluid gets spilled on ISS, 153 00:07:10,730 --> 00:07:14,880 and my console is constantly revamping procedures 154 00:07:14,880 --> 00:07:16,410 and making improvements. 155 00:07:16,410 --> 00:07:19,190 So that way if any of those emergencies were to occur, 156 00:07:19,190 --> 00:07:22,210 we could respond as needed. 157 00:07:22,210 --> 00:07:24,240 >> Naomi: Thank you. 158 00:07:24,240 --> 00:07:25,410 >> Good question. 159 00:07:25,410 --> 00:07:29,740 >> Pamela: My name's Pamela, and my question is what type 160 00:07:29,740 --> 00:07:32,560 of technology is most commonly used 161 00:07:32,560 --> 00:07:37,820 that we would understand for Mission Control. 162 00:07:37,820 --> 00:07:39,630 >> Jason Barbour: Well, probably computers. 163 00:07:39,630 --> 00:07:42,850 Everything that we do is all on computers. 164 00:07:42,850 --> 00:07:43,910 All of our [inaudible] we get 165 00:07:43,910 --> 00:07:49,390 from the vehicles we view on computers. 166 00:07:49,390 --> 00:07:51,940 And all that is processed on the ground and then sent 167 00:07:51,940 --> 00:07:54,710 to our particular consoles where our computers are at, 168 00:07:54,710 --> 00:07:58,240 and we can view all the telemetry that we have. 169 00:07:58,240 --> 00:08:01,520 >> Yeah. There's, my producer, 170 00:08:01,520 --> 00:08:05,170 Karen's showing Jason's console right there so you guys can see. 171 00:08:05,170 --> 00:08:09,500 That's where he normally sits if he's on duty. 172 00:08:09,500 --> 00:08:13,820 Of course, he's doing, helping me today to talk to you guys, 173 00:08:13,820 --> 00:08:18,950 but that is a live view just about, what, 15 or 20 feet away, 174 00:08:18,950 --> 00:08:22,060 and the backside of that console, 175 00:08:22,060 --> 00:08:24,990 which you don't see is all of their computer screens 176 00:08:24,990 --> 00:08:28,710 that stream the data that Jason's talking to you about. 177 00:08:28,710 --> 00:08:33,820 So they can maintain a real good watch over all of the things 178 00:08:33,820 --> 00:08:36,250 that are going on with their systems aboard the International 179 00:08:36,250 --> 00:08:37,680 Space Station. 180 00:08:37,680 --> 00:08:38,730 >> Jason Barbour: In fact, if you look behind us, 181 00:08:38,730 --> 00:08:40,730 we have computers right here that are similar 182 00:08:40,730 --> 00:08:41,970 to what all the other consoles have. 183 00:08:41,970 --> 00:08:45,170 So that way you can get an idea of what it is 184 00:08:45,170 --> 00:08:46,320 that we're looking at. 185 00:08:46,320 --> 00:08:46,810 >> Right. 186 00:08:46,810 --> 00:08:48,600 >> Jason Barbour: Most consoles have about five monitors 187 00:08:48,600 --> 00:08:51,670 that we're using to look at our data. 188 00:08:53,100 --> 00:08:54,510 >> Naomi: Thank you. 189 00:08:54,510 --> 00:08:54,910 >> Ariel: Hello. 190 00:08:54,910 --> 00:08:58,440 My name is Ariel, and this is my question. 191 00:08:58,440 --> 00:09:01,020 What have you learned about the spider's web in space? 192 00:09:01,020 --> 00:09:03,420 How is it different on Earth? 193 00:09:03,420 --> 00:09:05,670 >> Naomi: These interesting creatures that you have 194 00:09:05,670 --> 00:09:08,510 and what you've learned from them. 195 00:09:08,510 --> 00:09:09,880 Thank you. 196 00:09:09,880 --> 00:09:11,740 >> Jason Barbour: I'll answer that the best I can. 197 00:09:11,740 --> 00:09:12,860 >> That's a toughie. 198 00:09:12,860 --> 00:09:18,330 >> Jason Barbour: And I'm going to answer it just based 199 00:09:18,330 --> 00:09:20,410 on my views from the video that we got downlinked. 200 00:09:20,410 --> 00:09:25,070 It looked like the spider webs were more perfectly formed. 201 00:09:25,070 --> 00:09:28,230 So where they didn't have gravity pulling them down. 202 00:09:28,230 --> 00:09:31,800 It looked like a more pure shape. 203 00:09:31,800 --> 00:09:36,580 As far as the exact details of what we learned from that, 204 00:09:36,580 --> 00:09:38,650 I can get more information for you and pass it 205 00:09:38,650 --> 00:09:39,950 on to you guys if you'd like. 206 00:09:39,950 --> 00:09:43,010 As off the top of my head, I don't know. 207 00:09:43,010 --> 00:09:49,370 >> Naomi: So did they come back alive? 208 00:09:49,370 --> 00:09:52,450 >> Yeah. I think that some of them did, 209 00:09:52,450 --> 00:09:56,330 for the most part that they did. 210 00:09:57,460 --> 00:09:59,270 We have one method right now. 211 00:09:59,270 --> 00:10:01,370 You know, we had the space shuttle program that brought, 212 00:10:01,370 --> 00:10:04,530 was able to bring cargo down from the station, 213 00:10:04,530 --> 00:10:07,100 and now we have other partners 214 00:10:07,100 --> 00:10:09,510 that are providing cargo capability, 215 00:10:09,510 --> 00:10:11,580 one of which can provide a return capability. 216 00:10:11,580 --> 00:10:19,610 So, yes, when we do have insect or animal type experiments 217 00:10:19,610 --> 00:10:22,050 on the Station, they do, they are able 218 00:10:22,050 --> 00:10:23,120 to be brought back home. 219 00:10:23,120 --> 00:10:26,210 >> Christine: My name is Christine, 220 00:10:26,210 --> 00:10:31,020 and my question is how many flight controllers have become 221 00:10:31,020 --> 00:10:33,710 flight directors? 222 00:10:33,710 --> 00:10:37,700 >> I tried to get an answer to that question, and - 223 00:10:37,700 --> 00:10:39,860 >> Jason Barbour: Most flight directors are flight controllers 224 00:10:39,860 --> 00:10:41,750 from one discipline or another. 225 00:10:41,750 --> 00:10:43,530 Generally, that's the path you take if you want 226 00:10:43,530 --> 00:10:45,900 to be a flight director is you become a flight controller. 227 00:10:45,900 --> 00:10:47,400 There's a few exceptions here and there, 228 00:10:47,400 --> 00:10:49,500 but I'd say probably 95 percent 229 00:10:49,500 --> 00:10:51,660 of the flight directors were flight controllers, 230 00:10:51,660 --> 00:10:53,910 >> Yeah. I think almost every one of them worked their way 231 00:10:53,910 --> 00:10:57,160 through just like Jason's doing, you know, 232 00:10:57,160 --> 00:11:00,700 training to be a specialist in one specific area. 233 00:11:00,700 --> 00:11:03,490 The flight director, obviously, is the person 234 00:11:03,490 --> 00:11:06,700 that oversees everything that goes on on that shift. 235 00:11:06,700 --> 00:11:10,670 As you know, a flight director is in this room 24 hours a day 236 00:11:10,670 --> 00:11:12,430 around the clock on three shifts, 237 00:11:12,430 --> 00:11:17,710 and so we have flight directors that have to know everything 238 00:11:17,710 --> 00:11:19,720 about all of the systems on the Station, 239 00:11:19,720 --> 00:11:22,520 but they do rely heavily on Jason and the rest 240 00:11:22,520 --> 00:11:23,720 of the flight controllers 241 00:11:23,720 --> 00:11:28,400 to provide the very quickly information to him 242 00:11:28,400 --> 00:11:30,940 to help make decisions, especially in the case 243 00:11:30,940 --> 00:11:32,480 where there may be a problem - 244 00:11:32,480 --> 00:11:32,740 >> Jason Barbour: Yes - 245 00:11:32,740 --> 00:11:34,010 >> That you have to work. 246 00:11:34,010 --> 00:11:38,540 So flight director is a critical position in the room, 247 00:11:38,540 --> 00:11:42,780 and as Jason said, almost all of them have come 248 00:11:42,780 --> 00:11:46,830 from the background that Jason has in flight control. 249 00:11:46,830 --> 00:11:49,010 Good question. 250 00:11:49,010 --> 00:11:50,500 >> Emily: My name is Emily, 251 00:11:50,500 --> 00:11:53,970 and my question is what other experiments with animals, 252 00:11:53,970 --> 00:11:56,930 insects, or other creatures do you have planned? 253 00:11:56,930 --> 00:12:00,940 Fish, more spiders, more spider experiments, more bees, 254 00:12:00,940 --> 00:12:03,820 and what are some of the changes that have occurred 255 00:12:03,820 --> 00:12:08,180 to them when they return? 256 00:12:08,180 --> 00:12:08,920 >> Jason Barbour: I'm not sure. 257 00:12:08,920 --> 00:12:12,540 I can find out for you if you'd like. 258 00:12:12,540 --> 00:12:15,590 And actually I'm going to have to do that. 259 00:12:15,590 --> 00:12:17,240 I'm going to have to find out for you. 260 00:12:17,240 --> 00:12:17,920 I'm sorry. 261 00:12:17,920 --> 00:12:22,980 >> Yeah. We've had all different types of, some insects and some, 262 00:12:22,980 --> 00:12:27,330 and we've had the fish experiments on board as well. 263 00:12:27,330 --> 00:12:29,020 We have investigators on the ground 264 00:12:29,020 --> 00:12:30,360 that plan those experiments. 265 00:12:30,360 --> 00:12:34,870 The crew checks on those types of living animal 266 00:12:34,870 --> 00:12:38,620 or insect experiments throughout the flight, 267 00:12:38,620 --> 00:12:42,100 and then when they're brought back, the investigators look 268 00:12:42,100 --> 00:12:44,980 at those to see what changes occurred. 269 00:12:44,980 --> 00:12:49,310 We don't hear the direct feedback from those, you know, 270 00:12:49,310 --> 00:12:54,130 here in the room, but, you know, learning about animals 271 00:12:54,130 --> 00:12:58,210 and insects, well, it sounds strange, but it will help 272 00:12:58,210 --> 00:13:01,630 in the long term when we try to send humans further 273 00:13:01,630 --> 00:13:06,490 out into space as well because anything that happens to insects 274 00:13:06,490 --> 00:13:07,830 over short periods of times 275 00:13:07,830 --> 00:13:10,910 or small animals could happen to human beings. 276 00:13:10,910 --> 00:13:12,270 And so we need to learn all 277 00:13:12,270 --> 00:13:15,500 of that before we send humans further than the altitude 278 00:13:15,500 --> 00:13:18,040 that the Space Station's at right now, which is, you know, 279 00:13:18,040 --> 00:13:22,540 about only 250 miles away from us, but if we go further 280 00:13:22,540 --> 00:13:25,210 out into space, obviously, we need to be able 281 00:13:25,210 --> 00:13:28,150 to protect a crew for those long periods of time. 282 00:13:28,150 --> 00:13:30,980 >> Jason Barbour: And to give you an example of an experiment 283 00:13:30,980 --> 00:13:33,500 that will have direct impact to people on the ground, 284 00:13:33,500 --> 00:13:36,510 it's not necessarily using insects, 285 00:13:36,510 --> 00:13:39,490 but it's a lung experiment that will be launched 286 00:13:39,490 --> 00:13:42,710 in the next year or so, and that'll give us more insight 287 00:13:42,710 --> 00:13:46,170 on asthma and help us to be able to come 288 00:13:46,170 --> 00:13:48,660 up with better treatments for people with asthma. 289 00:13:48,660 --> 00:13:51,310 So that'll be launched in the next year. 290 00:13:51,310 --> 00:13:53,170 >> Brendon: Hi. 291 00:13:53,170 --> 00:13:55,240 My name is Brendon, 292 00:13:55,240 --> 00:13:59,150 and my question is what does Mission Control have to do 293 00:13:59,150 --> 00:14:02,980 when there's a problem to be solved such as the ammonia leak 294 00:14:02,980 --> 00:14:05,440 on the International Space Station. 295 00:14:05,440 --> 00:14:06,700 >> Great question. 296 00:14:06,700 --> 00:14:09,840 >> Jason Barbour: Well, actually, it was Mission Control 297 00:14:09,840 --> 00:14:11,750 that found the leak in the first place 298 00:14:11,750 --> 00:14:17,470 through monitoring our data, and basically once we observed 299 00:14:17,470 --> 00:14:22,860 that we had the leak, we at that stage pulled the team together 300 00:14:22,860 --> 00:14:24,430 and figured out, OK. 301 00:14:24,430 --> 00:14:26,900 Is this something we can solve from Commanding on the ground? 302 00:14:26,900 --> 00:14:28,690 Are we going to have to send a crew out EVA, 303 00:14:28,690 --> 00:14:30,570 which is what we ended up doing. 304 00:14:30,570 --> 00:14:34,600 So once we made that decision to go EVA, the ground here 305 00:14:34,600 --> 00:14:36,890 in Mission Control figured out, OK, what do we need 306 00:14:36,890 --> 00:14:38,660 to do during this EVA. 307 00:14:38,660 --> 00:14:40,000 Do we replace the pump? 308 00:14:40,000 --> 00:14:44,780 Do we do tests along the way, or what do we need to do? 309 00:14:44,780 --> 00:14:48,190 So it's the team here working together to figure out how 310 00:14:48,190 --> 00:14:49,920 to solve that problem. 311 00:14:49,920 --> 00:14:54,300 >> That's a perfect example of teamwork. 312 00:14:54,300 --> 00:14:57,490 Because, you know, Mission Control is critical 313 00:14:57,490 --> 00:14:59,570 to what happens on the Space Station in terms 314 00:14:59,570 --> 00:15:04,140 of seeing all the data and being able to, you know, 315 00:15:04,140 --> 00:15:05,540 tell the crew what's going on 316 00:15:05,540 --> 00:15:07,020 and not only tell the crew what's going on 317 00:15:07,020 --> 00:15:10,210 but have the crew help if there is a troubleshooting procedure 318 00:15:10,210 --> 00:15:13,430 like what we ended up having to do with what you just mentioned, 319 00:15:13,430 --> 00:15:15,710 you know, with that ammonia leak. 320 00:15:15,710 --> 00:15:18,980 We ended up sending a crew out to track it down 321 00:15:18,980 --> 00:15:21,610 and actually fix it physically, and we, obviously, 322 00:15:21,610 --> 00:15:25,100 couldn't do that from here, but it was a great example 323 00:15:25,100 --> 00:15:27,910 of teamwork and teamwork that occurred 324 00:15:27,910 --> 00:15:31,000 over a very short period of time to make that happen, 325 00:15:31,000 --> 00:15:33,900 and keep the vehicle and the crew safe. 326 00:15:33,900 --> 00:15:34,690 Great question. 327 00:15:34,690 --> 00:15:35,960 >> Jason Barbour: Another example 328 00:15:35,960 --> 00:15:37,990 of a team working together. 329 00:15:37,990 --> 00:15:40,540 We had a, this is about three years ago now, 330 00:15:40,540 --> 00:15:45,800 but our CO2 removal device, it suffered a software failure. 331 00:15:45,800 --> 00:15:47,170 The hardware itself was fine, 332 00:15:47,170 --> 00:15:49,560 but the software wasn't working properly. 333 00:15:49,560 --> 00:15:53,000 So we ended up having to do manual commanding 334 00:15:53,000 --> 00:15:55,490 from the ground to basically manipulate it 335 00:15:55,490 --> 00:15:56,520 to do everything it needed 336 00:15:56,520 --> 00:15:59,510 to that software would normally do for us. 337 00:15:59,510 --> 00:16:03,280 So the ground basically, that's an example of the ground doing 338 00:16:03,280 --> 00:16:06,640 for the crew what the crew didn't have to do. 339 00:16:06,640 --> 00:16:09,460 So we did all the commanding and everything 340 00:16:09,460 --> 00:16:13,520 from the ground to make that happen. 341 00:16:13,520 --> 00:16:13,870 >> Naomi: Wow. 342 00:16:13,870 --> 00:16:14,820 That's really something. 343 00:16:14,820 --> 00:16:15,940 Thank you. 344 00:16:15,940 --> 00:16:22,060 >> Hi. My name is [inaudible], and this is my question. 345 00:16:24,620 --> 00:16:28,960 What's the algorithm for solving an issue 346 00:16:28,960 --> 00:16:30,710 on the International Space Station? 347 00:16:30,710 --> 00:16:36,140 Do you know the specific procedure, and who is in charge? 348 00:16:36,140 --> 00:16:38,040 Thank you. 349 00:16:38,040 --> 00:16:39,880 >> Jason Barbour: I didn't quite get all that question - 350 00:16:39,880 --> 00:16:42,720 >> Yeah. Actually, you may have to repeat that. 351 00:16:42,720 --> 00:16:46,790 >> OK. What is the algorithm for solving an issue 352 00:16:46,790 --> 00:16:51,220 on the International Space Station? 353 00:16:51,220 --> 00:16:55,260 Do you have a specific procedure, and who is in charge? 354 00:16:55,260 --> 00:16:57,790 >> Jason Barbour: Ultimately, the flight director's in charge 355 00:16:57,790 --> 00:17:01,600 for approving our troubleshooting methods, 356 00:17:01,600 --> 00:17:05,730 but typically what happens is say, like, with the [inaudible], 357 00:17:05,730 --> 00:17:09,160 or, excuse me, the CO2 example that I used earlier. 358 00:17:09,160 --> 00:17:13,240 When the failure occurs, my team was looking at, OK, 359 00:17:13,240 --> 00:17:18,950 how do we keep CO2 removal going and not impact the mission. 360 00:17:18,950 --> 00:17:23,590 So we sat down, figured out, OK, how do we make this work. 361 00:17:23,590 --> 00:17:26,090 Once we had the plan, we presented 362 00:17:26,090 --> 00:17:31,220 that to the flight director, and they said, yup, sounds good. 363 00:17:31,220 --> 00:17:32,780 Go ahead and do what you need to do. 364 00:17:32,780 --> 00:17:36,190 We documented that in a procedure. 365 00:17:36,190 --> 00:17:39,330 Flight approved it, and then we started implementing it. 366 00:17:39,330 --> 00:17:40,890 >> Naomi: Thank you. 367 00:17:42,520 --> 00:17:43,140 >> Thank you. 368 00:17:43,140 --> 00:17:43,410 >> Daniel: Hello. 369 00:17:43,410 --> 00:17:44,430 My name is Daniel, 370 00:17:44,430 --> 00:17:48,590 and my question is can you put [inaudible] 371 00:17:48,590 --> 00:17:52,900 with the ISS directly, or do you have to use a satellite 372 00:17:52,900 --> 00:17:55,690 to connect to communications, 373 00:17:55,690 --> 00:17:58,180 and what type of signal do you use? 374 00:17:58,180 --> 00:18:00,430 Is that a cell phone signal, a radio, 375 00:18:00,430 --> 00:18:04,040 or what's the primary type [inaudible]? 376 00:18:04,040 --> 00:18:04,520 Thank you. 377 00:18:04,520 --> 00:18:05,700 >> Jason Barbour: We do have to use satellite 378 00:18:05,700 --> 00:18:06,840 to talk to the Space Station. 379 00:18:06,840 --> 00:18:09,620 There is no direct line of sight communication. 380 00:18:09,620 --> 00:18:14,560 We use two types of signals to talk to the Space Station. 381 00:18:14,560 --> 00:18:17,320 One is called S band, which is similar to what you would think 382 00:18:17,320 --> 00:18:21,250 of as a cell phone, which gives us our telemetry that we look 383 00:18:21,250 --> 00:18:22,500 at for all of our troubleshooting, 384 00:18:22,500 --> 00:18:23,940 our day-to-day monitoring, 385 00:18:23,940 --> 00:18:27,070 and our voice communication with the crew. 386 00:18:27,070 --> 00:18:31,360 The second set is KU band, which think of that like the Internet. 387 00:18:31,360 --> 00:18:35,680 That's what gives us all of our payload information that we get 388 00:18:35,680 --> 00:18:39,720 and all of our video that we see coming from space. 389 00:18:39,720 --> 00:18:44,470 >> So just to add to that, the communications 390 00:18:44,470 --> 00:18:45,770 that we get from the Station. 391 00:18:45,770 --> 00:18:48,200 They have a big dish on the station just 392 00:18:48,200 --> 00:18:51,540 like a satellite dish, and that can communicate directly 393 00:18:51,540 --> 00:18:54,060 with communications satellites, 394 00:18:54,060 --> 00:18:56,890 and then that transmission is bounced to the ground 395 00:18:56,890 --> 00:18:58,500 and bounced here to Mission Control. 396 00:18:58,500 --> 00:19:02,420 So we can stay in pretty constant contact with the crew. 397 00:19:02,420 --> 00:19:04,380 We have short periods of time here and there 398 00:19:04,380 --> 00:19:05,750 where we lose the signal, right - 399 00:19:05,750 --> 00:19:05,850 >> Jason Barbour: Yes - 400 00:19:05,850 --> 00:19:09,520 >> And that, and, but for the most part, 401 00:19:09,520 --> 00:19:12,140 we can stay in pretty close contact with them. 402 00:19:12,140 --> 00:19:16,880 Now way, way back in the Gemini days, you know, we were talking 403 00:19:16,880 --> 00:19:20,850 about Gemini earlier that we didn't have the communication 404 00:19:20,850 --> 00:19:21,920 satellite capabilities. 405 00:19:21,920 --> 00:19:23,760 So we did have ground stations - 406 00:19:23,760 --> 00:19:24,350 >> Jason Barbour: Correct - 407 00:19:24,350 --> 00:19:26,800 >> And the spacecraft could talk directly to the ground, 408 00:19:26,800 --> 00:19:28,860 but only during short periods of time - 409 00:19:28,860 --> 00:19:29,170 >> Jason Barbour: Yes - 410 00:19:29,170 --> 00:19:34,490 >> So the ability to talk to the Space Station has changed 411 00:19:34,490 --> 00:19:39,100 so dramatically over the last forty, fifty years, 412 00:19:39,100 --> 00:19:43,180 and that allows us, and not only do we communicate 413 00:19:43,180 --> 00:19:46,470 on one channel, but we actually have four different voice 414 00:19:46,470 --> 00:19:47,470 channels now - 415 00:19:47,470 --> 00:19:47,710 >> Jason Barbour: Right - 416 00:19:47,710 --> 00:19:51,280 >> So the crews can actually be talking on different channels 417 00:19:51,280 --> 00:19:55,490 about different experiments just like we would on the ground 418 00:19:55,490 --> 00:19:57,330 in offices to get work done. 419 00:19:57,330 --> 00:20:00,560 It's a, that's a great question. 420 00:20:00,560 --> 00:20:01,080 >> Daniel: 421 00:20:01,080 --> 00:20:03,100 Thank you. 422 00:20:03,100 --> 00:20:07,520 >> Nicole: I'm Nicole, and we were watching the launch replay 423 00:20:07,520 --> 00:20:13,710 of the Soyuz spacecraft, and I'm wondering why were there stuffed 424 00:20:13,710 --> 00:20:15,300 animals taken from the [inaudible]? 425 00:20:15,300 --> 00:20:20,810 >> Jason Barbour: Well, it gave us something entertaining 426 00:20:20,810 --> 00:20:22,270 to watch, didn't it? 427 00:20:22,270 --> 00:20:27,700 It, that varies from crew to crew. 428 00:20:27,700 --> 00:20:30,850 Some crew like having stuffed animals to play with on orbit. 429 00:20:30,850 --> 00:20:35,530 And it gave you a pretty good view of, OK, 430 00:20:35,530 --> 00:20:38,270 how much rocking is the Soyuz going through as it's 431 00:20:38,270 --> 00:20:42,850 on its way up, but generally the stuffed animals, 432 00:20:42,850 --> 00:20:44,480 that's a crew preference item. 433 00:20:44,480 --> 00:20:47,200 >> Yeah. It's interesting. 434 00:20:47,200 --> 00:20:50,710 It's, it is a scientific approach, like Jason says. 435 00:20:50,710 --> 00:20:53,230 It shows the crew when they actually, you know, 436 00:20:53,230 --> 00:20:56,430 they can obviously feel the gravity building up on them 437 00:20:56,430 --> 00:20:58,780 or the g forces, excuse me, building up on them 438 00:20:58,780 --> 00:21:00,530 as they climb into space. 439 00:21:00,530 --> 00:21:04,020 Once they get into space and the engines shut down, it's like, 440 00:21:04,020 --> 00:21:07,690 it's instant, and now you see a view inside the vehicle 441 00:21:07,690 --> 00:21:09,350 for the launch the other day. 442 00:21:09,350 --> 00:21:14,430 But it actually, when that engine shuts off, 443 00:21:14,430 --> 00:21:19,610 it's instant microgravity or zero g, and the commander 444 00:21:19,610 --> 00:21:22,340 of the Soyuz spacecraft that you saw there, 445 00:21:22,340 --> 00:21:26,210 his children actually picked the small toy to take. 446 00:21:26,210 --> 00:21:29,150 And each crew member, each flight is different, 447 00:21:29,150 --> 00:21:32,260 but that's what that's all about, and it's, obviously, 448 00:21:32,260 --> 00:21:36,800 a sentimental item, but it also has a scientific purpose 449 00:21:36,800 --> 00:21:38,250 as well. 450 00:21:39,310 --> 00:21:40,450 >> Naomi: Amara. 451 00:21:40,450 --> 00:21:40,870 >> Amara: Hi. 452 00:21:40,870 --> 00:21:44,840 I'm Amara, and my question is when new materials 453 00:21:44,840 --> 00:21:48,460 or [inaudible] do, does the new crew on the ISS hope 454 00:21:48,460 --> 00:21:51,990 to bring back to Earth? 455 00:21:51,990 --> 00:21:54,630 >> Jason Barbour: The main thing is basically the 456 00:21:54,630 --> 00:21:55,510 crew themselves. 457 00:21:55,510 --> 00:21:58,860 The experiments on them 458 00:21:58,860 --> 00:22:02,030 as we determine how is space affecting them. 459 00:22:02,030 --> 00:22:03,840 So that helps us determine more data 460 00:22:03,840 --> 00:22:06,710 for when we to go moon and Mars. 461 00:22:06,710 --> 00:22:10,720 How is long-term exposure to space going to affect them? 462 00:22:10,720 --> 00:22:14,980 >> Jaime: My name is Jaime, 463 00:22:14,980 --> 00:22:20,600 and my question is what is a favorite mission 464 00:22:20,600 --> 00:22:23,360 that you're working on in Mission Control? 465 00:22:23,360 --> 00:22:25,910 >> Naomi: Do you have a favorite? 466 00:22:25,910 --> 00:22:28,220 >> Jason Barbour: What was my favorite mission? 467 00:22:29,720 --> 00:22:31,030 >> Jaime: Yes. 468 00:22:31,030 --> 00:22:34,590 >> Jason Barbour: Oh, there's been so many. 469 00:22:34,590 --> 00:22:42,400 I'd have to say my favorite mission was my, 470 00:22:42,400 --> 00:22:44,820 when I did the Columbus mission when I was lead for that 471 00:22:44,820 --> 00:22:47,280 when we launched the Columbus module. 472 00:22:47,280 --> 00:22:50,560 It was fun working with the international partners 473 00:22:50,560 --> 00:22:53,970 and attaching a brand-new module to the Space Station. 474 00:22:53,970 --> 00:22:56,060 So I'd have to say that was probably, 475 00:22:56,060 --> 00:22:58,460 holds a special place in my heart. 476 00:22:59,950 --> 00:23:01,060 >> Naomi: Thank you. 477 00:23:01,060 --> 00:23:01,780 Ben. 478 00:23:01,780 --> 00:23:02,720 >> Benjamin: Hi. 479 00:23:02,720 --> 00:23:06,970 My name is Benjamin, and my dad was Tyler Hammond, and he worked 480 00:23:06,970 --> 00:23:12,220 in the Community and Space Agency on a satellite, and my, 481 00:23:12,220 --> 00:23:17,030 I'm wondering what was the second most important 482 00:23:17,030 --> 00:23:23,590 contribution to the ISS other than the [inaudible]? 483 00:23:23,590 --> 00:23:25,560 >> Naomi: Notice [inaudible] became number one 484 00:23:25,560 --> 00:23:27,850 from a Canadian point of view? 485 00:23:27,850 --> 00:23:29,690 >> Well, [inaudible], obviously. 486 00:23:29,690 --> 00:23:33,310 That's, and it is a very important component 487 00:23:33,310 --> 00:23:35,920 of the International Space Station, for sure. 488 00:23:35,920 --> 00:23:39,220 Jason's going to say Columbus again 489 00:23:39,220 --> 00:23:40,670 because he worked the shuttle flight 490 00:23:40,670 --> 00:23:45,290 that delivered the European laboratory, right, but. 491 00:23:45,290 --> 00:23:46,080 >> Jason Barbour: Well, you know, 492 00:23:46,080 --> 00:23:47,600 Canada holds a special place in my heart 493 00:23:47,600 --> 00:23:49,180 since I grew up on the border. 494 00:23:49,180 --> 00:23:53,640 But I'd say the Canadian crew probably is, 495 00:23:53,640 --> 00:23:57,730 probably the next best thing to the arm 496 00:23:57,730 --> 00:23:59,720 in that the Canadian crew that goes up there 497 00:23:59,720 --> 00:24:01,580 like Chris Hadfield that was just there. 498 00:24:01,580 --> 00:24:06,290 He did a lot of good interaction with a lot of children 499 00:24:06,290 --> 00:24:08,470 on the ground in bringing them more closer 500 00:24:08,470 --> 00:24:11,000 to the experience of space. 501 00:24:11,000 --> 00:24:11,480 >> Naomi: [Inaudible]. 502 00:24:11,480 --> 00:24:14,110 Last one I think. 503 00:24:14,110 --> 00:24:21,160 >> Do the different Mission Controls connect to each other, 504 00:24:21,160 --> 00:24:22,920 and [inaudible] do that? 505 00:24:22,920 --> 00:24:25,250 >> Did you say the Mission Controls 506 00:24:25,250 --> 00:24:30,450 for all around the world - 507 00:24:30,450 --> 00:24:31,600 >> [inaudible] Yes. 508 00:24:31,600 --> 00:24:33,560 >> Jason Barbour: We all are connected to each other, 509 00:24:33,560 --> 00:24:38,090 and that's through basically through the Internet. 510 00:24:38,090 --> 00:24:43,190 That we have interfaces so that way we can talk to each other. 511 00:24:43,190 --> 00:24:47,530 Share telemetry, share experimental information, 512 00:24:47,530 --> 00:24:53,070 but all of that is all connected through the Internet. 513 00:24:53,070 --> 00:24:56,050 >> Well, that was a great bunch of questions. 514 00:24:56,050 --> 00:24:58,750 If we had time, we'd sit here with you guys all day, 515 00:24:58,750 --> 00:25:01,840 but y'all have schoolwork probably to get back to, 516 00:25:01,840 --> 00:25:05,570 and Jason's got to get back to work as well. 517 00:25:05,570 --> 00:25:09,400 But we really enjoyed y'all coming inside Mission Control 518 00:25:09,400 --> 00:25:11,840 with us and talking with us today, 519 00:25:11,840 --> 00:25:13,150 and we loved all the questions. 520 00:25:13,150 --> 00:25:14,920 We really appreciate it. 521 00:25:14,920 --> 00:25:16,160 >> Jason Barbour: Do I have time to say - 522 00:25:16,160 --> 00:25:16,480 >> Yeah. 523 00:25:16,480 --> 00:25:20,260 >> Jason Barbour: The one thing I wanted to say to you guys is 524 00:25:20,260 --> 00:25:22,760 if you can dream it, you can do it. 525 00:25:22,760 --> 00:25:24,680 Don't let yourself be put into a box 526 00:25:24,680 --> 00:25:26,780 of what you can and can't do. 527 00:25:26,780 --> 00:25:28,880 Follow your dreams. 528 00:25:29,910 --> 00:25:31,310 Work hard. 529 00:25:31,310 --> 00:25:32,980 Get that education. 530 00:25:32,980 --> 00:25:36,360 And just follow your hearts, 531 00:25:36,360 --> 00:25:39,150 and you'll do anything that you want to do. 532 00:25:39,150 --> 00:25:40,320 >> Great advice. 533 00:25:40,320 --> 00:25:42,480 You guys have a great day, and we really enjoyed it. 534 00:25:42,480 --> 00:25:43,250 >> Naomi: [Inaudible] We appreciate you [inaudible] 535 00:25:43,250 --> 00:25:46,390 and the answers and all the work that, that you took time 536 00:25:46,390 --> 00:25:52,660 out of your day and left a seat empty on Mission Control 537 00:25:52,660 --> 00:25:54,000 so that you could be with us. 538 00:25:54,000 --> 00:25:55,930 We thank you for that. 539 00:25:55,930 --> 00:25:56,840 >> Jason Barbour: Well, happy to be here. 540 00:25:56,840 --> 00:25:59,010 It was great fun talking to you guys. 541 00:25:59,010 --> 00:26:00,130 >> Thanks a lot, guys.